세계 각국은 지구온난화로 인한 피해가 증가함에 따라 화석연료를 대신해 탄소배출 없이 지속 가능하게 이용할 수

있는 새로운 에너지 자원들을 찾기 위하여 노력하고 있다. 전세계적으로 4차 산업이 고도화되며 전력수요가 급증했고,

상승하는 수요를 충족함과 동시에 온실가스 배출을 줄이기 위해 탄소비중이 적거나 없는 에너지원을 이용해 안정적인

전력수급계통을 확보하려는 움직임이 커지고 있다. 본 총설에서는 해외 탄소중립 시나리오와 화력발전 잔존여부에 따

라 2가지 시나리오인 혁신, 안전으로 분류하여 정부의 탄소저감 목표를 비교 및 분석하였다. 또한, 국내 시나리오의 경

우10차 전력수급기본계획의 전력수요 전망 및 온실가스 배출 현황을 연계하여 이를 토대로 탄소저감의 주축이 되는

에너지 분야인 전환, 수소, 수송, 탄소포집 및 활용 부문에서의 핵심 기술 동향 및 정부 주도의 정책흐름을 정리하여

탄소중립기술의 현황을 기술했다. 또한, 해외 시나리오 분석에서 시사되었던 에너지 분야의 주요 변화를 반영하여 국

내 탄소저감 전략의 방향을 제시하였다.

Countries worldwide are striving to find new sources of sustainable energy without carbon emission due to

the increasing impact of global warming. With the advancement of the fourth industrial revolution on a global scale,

there has been a substantial rise in energy demand. Simultaneously, there is a growing emphasis on utilizing energy

sources with minimal or zero carbon content to ensure a stable power supply while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

In this comprehensive overview, a comparative analysis of carbon reduction policies of government was conducted.

Based on international carbon neutrality scenarios and the presence of remaining thermal power generation, it can be

categorized into two types: "Rapid" and "Safety”. For the domestic scenario, the projected power demand and current

greenhouse gas emissions in alignment with “The 10th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand” was examined.

Considering all these factors, an overview of the current status of carbon neutrality technologies by focusing on the

energy sector, encompassing transitions, hydrogen, transportation and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS)

was offered followed by summarization of key technological trends and government-driven policies. Furthermore, the

central aspects of the domestic carbon reduction strategy were proposed by taking account of current mega trends in the

energy sector which are highlighted in international scenario analyses.

Carbon neutrality, Carbon reduction, Net zero, Energy policy

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