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Received January 30, 2022
Accepted July 10, 2022
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This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
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Evaluation of sodium acetate and glucose as minor additives with calcium chloride as optimum mixed draw solutes for fruit juice concentration via forward osmosis
Aizaz Ali Farman1
Muhammad Irfan2 3
Noor Ul Amin4
Zaib Jahan5
Xiangju Song6
Heqing Jiang6
Saeed Gul1†
1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan 2Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Haripur, Pakistan 3School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China 4Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200 Pakistan 5Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan 6Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Qingdao, China
saeed.gul@uetpeshawar.edu.pk
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, November 2022, 39(11), 3102-3108(7), 10.1007/s11814-022-1228-7
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Abstract
The selection of an appropriate draw solution is decisive to augment the performance of the forward osmosis (FO) process with maximal permeate flux and minimal reverse solute flux. Inorganic salts provide higher permeate flux in FO, but high reverse salt flux (RSF) associated with greater diffusivity limits their potential application. Herein, the incorporation of organic compounds including sodium acetate (NaAce) and glucose in CaCl2 provides draw solutions with constant osmotic pressure for boosting FO performance. The PRO mode (active layer facing draw solution) is examined with 0.18m/s of cross-flow velocity using a polyamide membrane associated with a polyethyleneimine (PEI) interlayer on a NaOH treated polyacrylonitrile substrate. The 5% NaAce with CaCl2 as a draw solution (DS) delivers better performance against deionized water compared to glucose, resulting in lower RSF (6.64 g/m2 h) and higher water flux (23.9 L/m2 h). The NaAce with CaCl2 suppresses RSF up to 41% without a significant reduction in permeate flux compared to single salt DS. The optimized draw solution concentrates the orange juice, resulting in 2.13 L/m2 h of average water flux and 3.6 g/m2 h of RSF for 72 h, thus concentrating the orange juice from the initial concentration of 13 °Brix to 24 °Brix.
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