Articles & Issues
- Language
- English
- Conflict of Interest
- In relation to this article, we declare that there is no conflict of interest.
- Publication history
-
Received October 31, 2022
Revised March 8, 2023
Accepted March 19, 2023
-
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0) which permits
unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright © KIChE. All rights reserved.
All issues
TiO2 based nanomaterial: Synthesis, structure, photocatalytic properties, and removal of dyes from wastewater
Applied Science Cluster, Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun
sanjeevkumar.dubey2@gmail.com
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, August 2023, 40(8), 1822-1838(17), 10.1007/s11814-023-1455-6
Download PDF
Abstract
Owing to its complex chemical makeup, dye pollution from the textile sector poses a serious challenge for
wastewater. Using a photocatalyst with light irradiation to remove color from wastewater is a potential wastewater treatment technique. The majority of harmful dyes are resistant to biodegradation, which reduces the effectiveness of biological wastewater treatment facilities. A well-known photocatalyst for wastewater treatment, titanium dioxide is typically
utilized in suspensions in photoreactions. TiO2 based nanomaterial offers some benefits over other materials, including
its inexpensive cost, low toxicity, high photochemical reactivity, and capacity for generalized oxidative attack. By doing
so, it can encourage the breakdown of certain target organic molecules while just slightly altering operational parameters. The aim of this review is to highlight the different method for synthesis and its characterization. This review also
highlights the different type of TiO2/composite as photocatalyst for removal of dyes. The general mechanism of photocatalytic effect of TiO2 has been discussed expansively. This paper takes a thorough approach to the many outcomes of
the researchers' efforts to remove dyes from wastewater.
Keywords
References
1. P. Akhter, A. Arshad, A. Saleem and M. Hussain, Catalysts, 12,1331 (2022).
2. R. M. Garcia, R. Carleer, M. A. Pérez, J. P. Torres, Y. Gu, P. Samyn and J. Yperman, Catalysts, 11, 1137 (2021).
3. S. Rajagopal, B. Paramasivam and K. Muniyasamy, Sep. Purif. Technol., 252, 117444 (2020).
4. R. Giovannetti, R. Giovannetti, C. A. D’Amato, M. Zannotti, E.Rommozzi, R. Gunnella, M. Minicucci and A. Di Cicco, Sci. Rep.,5, 17801 (2015).
5. B. R. Babu, A. K. Parande, S. Raghu and T. P. Kumar, J. Cotton Sci.,11, 141 (2007).
6. A. Mills and S. Le Hunte, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., 108, 1 (1997).
7. A. Fujishima, T. N. Rao and D. A. Tryk, J. Photochem., 1, 1 (2000).
8. C. Thambiliyagodage and S.Mirihana, J. Sol Gel Sci. Technol., 99,109 (2021).
9. I. T. Peternel, N. Koprivanac, A. M. L. Božić and H. M. Kušić, J.Hazard. Mater., 148, 477 (2007).
10. W. Przystaś, E. Zabłocka-Godlewska and E. Grabińska-Sota, Water Air Soil Pollut., 223, 1581 (2012).
11. M. M. Mahlambi, C. J. Ngila and B. B. Mamba, J. Nanomater., 2015,1 (2015).
12. W.-K. Jo, S. Kumar, M. A. Isaacs, A. F. Lee and S. Karthikeyan, Appl.Catal. B., 201, 159 (2017).
13. M. Rani, U. Shanker and V. Jassal, J. Environ. Manag., 190, 208 (2017).
14. R. Gusain, K. Gupta, P. Joshi and O. P. Khatri, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 272, 102009 (2019).
15. G. Crini and E. Lichtfouse, Environ. Chem. Lett., 17, 145 (2019).
16. C. G. Joseph, G. Li Puma, A. Bono and D. Krishnaiah, Ultrason.Sonochem., 16, 583 (2009).
17. D. Zhu and Q. Zhou, Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag., 12,100255 (2019).
18. T. Singh, N. Srivastava, P. K. Mishra, A. K. Bhatiya and N. L. Singh,Mater. Sci. Forum., 855, 20 (2016).
19. C. B. Anucha, I. Altin, E. Bacaksiz and V. N. Stathopoulos, Chem.Eng. J. Adv., 10, 100262 (2022).
20. J. Schneider, M. Matsuoka, M. Takeuchi, J. Zhang, Y. U. Horiuchi,M. Anpo and D. W. Bahnemann, Chem. Rev., 114, 9919 (2014).
21. M. Shahrezaei, A. A. Babaluo, S. Habibzadeh and M. Haghighi, Eur.J. Inorg. Chem., 3, 694 (2017).
22. M. R. Hoffmann, S. T. Martin, W. Choi and D. W. Bahnemann,Chem. Rev., 95, 69 (1995).
23. S. Kment, F. Riboni, S. Pausova, L. Wang, L. Wang, H. Han, Z.Hubicka, J. Krrysa, P. Schmuki and R. Zboril, Chem. Soc. Rev., 46,3716 (2017).
24. M. Bernareggi, M. Dozzi, L. Bettini, A. Ferretti, G. Chiarello and E. Selli, Catalysts, 7, 301 (2017).
25. T. Sakata, J. Photochem., 29, 205 (1985).
26. H. Kisch, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 52, 812 (2013).
27. A. Fujishima, T. N. Rao and D. A. Tryk, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C.,1, 1 (2000).
28. T. L. Thompson and J. T. Yates, Chem. Rev., 106, 4428 (2006).
29. M. Manzoor, A. Rafiq, M. Ikram, M. Nafees and S. Ali, Int. Nano Lett., 8, 1 (2018).
30. R. D. C. Soltani, M. Mashayekhi, M. Naderi, G. Boczkaj, S. Jorfi and M. Safari, Ultrason. Sonochem., 55, 117 (2019).
31. H. Lachheb, E. Puzenat, A. Houas, M. Ksibi, E. Elaloui, C. Guillard and J. M. Herrmann, Appl. Catal. B., 39, 75 (2002).
32. A. Fernandes, P. Makoś, Z. Wang and Boczkaj, Chem. Eng. J., 391,123488 (2020).
33. W. Buraso, V. Lachom, P. Siriya and P. Laokul, Mater. Res. Express.,5, 115003 (2018).
34. S. Çeşmeli and C. B. Biray Avci, J. Drug Target., 27, 762 (2019).
35. M. D. Newman, M. Stotland and J. I. Ellis, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.,61, 685 (2009).
36. L. M. Anaya-Esparza, Z. Villagrán-de la Mora, J. M. RuvalcabaGómez, R. Romero-Toledo, T. Sandoval-Contreras, S. Aguile Aguirre, E. Montalvo-González and A. Pérez-Larios, Processes, 8,1395 (2020).
37. N. Zhang, S. Qiao and V. K. Gupta, Opt. Mater., 120, 111452 (2021).
38. Y. Liu, Z. Xu, S. Zhu, A. Fakhri and V. K. Gupta, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., 422, 113522 (2022).
39. A. Bahadoran, M. Najafizadeh, Q. Liu, J. R. De Lile, D. Zhang, S.Masudy-Panah, S. Ramakrishna, A. Fakhri and V. K. Gupta, Surf.Interfaces, 26, 101279 (2021).
40. S. Xiao, A. Fakhri and B. J. Janani, Surf. Interfaces, 27, 101490 (2021).
41. A. Bahadoran, Q. Liu, B. Liu, J. Gu, D. Zhang, A. Fakhri and V.
Kumar Gupta, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 253,119592 (2021).
42. Y. Mao, J. Qiu, P. Zhang, Z. Fei, C. Bian, B. J. Janani and A. Fakhri,J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., 426, 113756 (2022).
43. W. Long, M. U. Hamza, M. N. Abdul-Fattah, A. M. Rheima, Y. M.Ahmed, F. S. Fahim, U. S. Altimari, A. K. O. Aldulaim, B. J. Janani and A. Fakhri, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 650,129468 (2022).
44. A. Bahadoran, N. B. Baghbadorani, J. R. De Lile, S. Masudy-Panah,B. Sadeghi, J. Li, S. Ramakrishna, Q. Liu, B. J. Janani and A. Fakhri, J.
Photochem. Photobiol. B., 228, 112393 (2022).
45. Y. Cai, F. Yang, L. Wu, Y. Shu, G. Qu, A. Fakhri and V. Kumar Gupta, Mater. Chem. Phys., 258, 123919 (2021).
46. I. Mahboob, I. Shafiq, S. Shafique, P. Akhter, M. Munir, M. Saeed,M. S. Nazir, Um-e-S. Amjad, F. Jamil, N. Ahmad, Y-K. Park and M. Hussain, Chemosphere, 311, 137180 (2023).
47. M. Shabir, M. Yasin, M. Hussain, I. Shafiq, P. Akhter, A. S. Nizami,B. H. Jeon and Y. K. Park, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 112, 1 (2022).
48. K. Azam, N. Shezad, I. Shafiq, P. Akhter, F. Akhtar, F. Jamil, S.Shafique, Y.-K. Park and M. Hussain, Chemosphere, 306, 135566 (2022).
49. N. Shehzad, M. Tahir, K. Johari, T. Murugesan and M. Hussain, J.CO2 Util., 26, 98 (2018).
50. M. Sharon, F. Modi and M. Sharon, AIMS Mater. Sci., 3, 1236 (2016).
51. S. Lee, I.-S. Cho, J. H. Lee, D. H. Kim, D. W. Kim, J. Y. Kim, H. Shin,J.-K. Lee, H. S. Jung, N.-G. Park, K. Kim, M. J. Ko and K. S. Hong,Chem. Mater., 22, 1958 (2010).
52. R. S. Dubey, K. V. Krishnamurthy and S. Singh, Results Phys., 102390 (2019).
53. M. M. Ahmad, S. Mushtaq, H. S. Al Qahtani, A. Sedky and M. W.Alam, Crystals, 11, 1456 (2021).
54. M. Hussain, R. Ceccarelli, D. L. Marchisio, D. Fino, N. Russo and F. Geobaldo, Chem. Eng. J., 157, 45 (2010).
55. M. Hussain, N. Russo and G. Saracco, Chem. Eng. J., 166, 138 (2011).
56. R. Rashid, I. Shafiq, M. J. Iqbal, M. Shabir, P. Akhter, M. H. Hamayun, A. Ahmed and M. Hussain, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9, 105480 (2021).
57. S. Kumar, S. Jain and B. Y. Lamba, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 1 (2021).
58. G. K. Upadhyay, J. K. Rajput, T. K. Pathak, V. Kumar and L. P. Purohit, Vacuum, 160, 154 (2019).
59. R. S. Sabry, Y. K. Al-Haidarie and M. A. Kudhier, J. Sol Gel Sci. Technol., 78, 299 (2016).
60. M. M. Ali, M. J. Haque, M. H. Kabir, M. A. Kaiyum and M. S. Rahman, Results Mater., 11, 100199 (2021).
61. S. Cho, J.-W. Jang, K.-H. Lee and J. S. Lee, APL Mater., 2, 010703 (2014).
62. A. T. Güntner, N. J. Pineau, D. Chie, F. Krumeich and S. E. Pratsinis, J. Mater. Chem. B., 4, 5358 (2016).
63. A. Eslami, M. M. Amini, A. R. Yazdanbakhsh, A. Mohseni‐Bandpei, A. A. Safari and A. Asadi, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 91, 2693 (2016).
64. E. T. Helmy, A. El Nemr, M. Mousa, E. Arafa and S. Eldafrawy, J.Water Environ. Nanotechnol., 3, 116 (2018).
65. D. V. Aware and S. S. Jadhav, Appl. Nanosci., 6, 965 (2016).
66. K. Meesombad, N. Sato, S. Pitiphattharabun, G. Panomsuwan, R.Techapiesancharoenkij, K. Surawathanawises, C. Wongchoosuk, S.
Boonsalee, J. H. Pee and O. Jongprateep, Ceram. Int., 47, 21099 (2021).
67. P. Szołdra, M. Frąc and W. Pichór, Powder Technol., 387, 261 (2021).
68. P. Anandgaonker, G. Kulkarni, S. Gaikwad and A. Rajbhoj, Arab. J.Chem., 12, 1815 (2019).
69. I. Bezares, A. del Campo, P. Herrasti and A. Muñoz-Bonilla, Phys.Chem. Chem. Phys., 17, 29319 (2015).
70. W. Buraso, V. Lachom, P. Siriya and P. Laokul, Mater. Res. Express.,5, 115003 (2018).
71. S. Pang, J. G. Huang, Y. Su, B. Geng, S. Y. Lei, Y. T. Huang, C. Lyu and X. J. Liu, Photochem. Photobiol., 92, 651 (2016).
72. J. Deng, M. Wang, Junfei Fang, X. Song, Z. Yang and Z. Yuan, J.Alloys Compd., 791, 371 (2019).
73. V. M. Ramakrishnan, M. Natarajan, A. Santhanam, V. Asokan and D. Velauthapillai, Mater. Res. Bull., 97, 351 (2018).
74. J. Li, Q. Wu and J. Wu, Handbook of nanoparticles, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland (2016).
75. V. Patidar and P. Jain, Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., 4, 1 (2017).
76. H. Kaur, S. Kaur, J. Singh, M. Rawat and S. Kumar, Mater. Res.Express., 6, 095034 (2019).
77. G. Nabi, W. Raza and M. B. Tahir, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym.Mater., 30, 1425 (2020).
78. D. Zhang, L. Qi, J. Ma and H. Cheng, J. Mater. Chem., 12, 3677 (2002).
79. M. S. Lee, S. S. Park, G. Lee, C. Ju and S. Hong, Cat. Today, 101, 283 (2005).
80. A. Fasolini, E. Lombardi, T. Tabanelli and F. Basile, Nanomaterials (Basel), 11, 1175 (2021).
81. L. Xia, Bioceramics, 5 (2021).
82. V. D. Matteis, A. Cannavale and U. Ayr, Appl. Sci., 10, 8896 (2020).
83. S. K. Pradhan, P. J. Reucroft, F. Yang and A. Dozier, J. Cryst. Growth,256, 83 (2003).
84. D. P. Macwan, C. Balasubramanian, P. N. Dave and S. Chaturvedi,J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 18, 234 (2014).
85. Q. Zhang and C. Li, Nanomaterials, 10, 911 (2020).
86. X. Chen and S. S. Mao, Chem. Rev., 107, 2891 (2007).
87. X. Feng, J. Zhai and L. Jiang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 44, 5115 (2005).
88. S. Y. Chae, M. K. Park, S. K. Lee, T. Y. Kim, S. K. Kim and W. I. Lee,Chem. Mater., 15, 3326 (2003).
89. Z. Yang, D. Choi, S. Kerisit, K. M. Rosso, D. Wang, J. Zhang, G.
Graff and W. J. Liu, J. Power Sources, 192, 588 (2009).
90. G. Dawson, W. Chen, T. Zhang, Z. Chen and X. Cheng, Solid State Sci., 12, 2170 (2010).
91. J. Yan, S. Feng, H. Lu, J. Wang, J. Zheng, J. Zhao, L. Li and Z.Zhu, Mater. Sci. Eng. B., 172, 114 (2010).
92. S. Mozia, Cat. Today, 156, 198 (2010).
93. S. Y. Chae, M. K. Park, S. K. Lee, T. Y. Kim, S. K. Kim and W. I.Lee, Chem. Mater., 15, 3326 (2003).
94. G.S. Falk, M. Borlaf, M.J. López-Muñoz, J.C. Fariñas, J.B. Rodriges Neto and R. Moreno, J. Nanopart. Res., 20, 1 (2018).
95. I. F. Mironyuk, L. M. Soltys, T. R. Tatarchuk and Kh. O. Savka, Phys.Chem. Solid State., 21, 462 (2020).
96. A. Athawale, A. Bokare, H. Singh, V.-H. Nguyen, D.-V. N. Vo, D.Kumar and A. Sharma., Top. Cat., 63, 1056 (2020).
97. A. J. Moreira, O. C. Lilian, P. M. Caroline, J. A. Maldi, A. D. Jeferson, C. P. Elaine, R. G. Tania and P. G. F. Gian, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 27, 27032 (2020).
98. M. Y. Nassar, E. I. Ali and E. S. Zakaria, RSC. Adv., 7, 8034 (2017).
99. S. B. Somvanshi, M. V. Khedkar, P. B. Kharat and K. M. Jadhav,Ceram. Int., 46, 8640 (2020).
100. V.A. Bharati, S.B. Somvanshi, A.V. Humbe, V.D. Murumkar, V.V. Sondur and K. M. Jadhav, J. Alloys Compd., 821, 153501 (2020).
101. D. N. Bhoyar, S. B. Somvanshi, P. B. Kharat, A. A. Pandit and K. M.Jadhav, Phys. B., 581, 411944 (2020).
102. S. B. Somwanshi, S. B. Somvanshi and P. B. KKharat, J. Phys. Conf.S., 1, 1644 (2020).
103. P. Praveen, G. Viruthagiri, S. Mugundan and N. Shanmugam, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 117, 622 (2014).
104. J. Wei, L. Zhao, Suili Peng, J. Shi, Z. Liu and W. Wen, J. Sol Gel Sci.Technol., 47, 311 (2008).
105. A. Kathiravan and R. Renganathan, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 335,196 (2009).
106. K. Olurode, G. M. Neelgund, A. Oki and Z. Luo, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 89, 333 (2012).
107. X. Lu, Xiuqian Lv, Z. Sun and Y. Zheng, Eur. Polym. J., 44, 2476 (2008).
108. A. Ranga Rao and V. Dutta, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells., 91, 1075 (2007).
109. A. Keiteb, E. Saion, A. Zakaria, N. Soltani and N. Abdullahi, Appl.Sci., 6, 295 (2016).
110. S. A. Gene, E. Saion, A. H. Shaari, M. A. Kamarudin, N. M. AlHada and A. Kharazmi, J. Nanomater., 2014, 1 (2014).
111. S. Kumar, S. Jain, B. Y. Yadav Lamba and P. Kumar, Sol. Energy,159, 423 (2018).
112.Mechanism of Photocatalyst, Nippon Jitsugyo Publishing Co, Ltd (2000).
113. F. Z. Haque, R. Nandanwar and P. Singh, Optik., 128, 191 (2017).
114. M. K. Tariq, A. Riaz, R. Khan, A. Wajid, H.-U. Haq, S. Javed, M. A.Akram and M. Islam, Mater. Res. Express., 6, 106435 (2019).
115. R. F. Peters, P. A. Mantey Dos Santos, Tiele C. Machado, D. Antonio Rodriguez Lopez, Ê. L. Machado, A. de Assis and L. Rodriguez, Eclética Quim., 43, 26 (2018).
116. N. H. Harun, M. N. A. Rahman, W. F. W. Kamarudin, Z. Irwan,A. Muhammud, N. E. F. M. Akhir, M. R. Yaafar and J. Fundam.Appl. Sci., 10, 832 (2018).
117. N. Padmavathy, B. N. Murthy and K. H. Hemakumar, J. Phys.Conf. S., 1, 012044 (2021).
118. A. Ajmal, I. Majeed, R. N. Malik, M. Iqbal, M. Arif Nadeem, I.Hussain, S. Yousaf, Zeshan, G. Mustafa, M. I. Zafar and M. Amtiaz Nadeem, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 4, 2138 (2016).
119. A. A. Isari, A. Payan, M. Fattahi, S. Jorfi and B. Kakavandi, Appl.Surf. Sci., 462, 549 (2018).
120. V. R. Posa, V. Annavaram, J. R. Koduru, P. Bobbala, M. V. and A. R.Somala, J. Exp. Nanosci., 11, 722 (2016).
121. R. Velmurugan, B. Krishnakumar, R. Kumar and M. Swaminathan, Arab. J. Chem., 5, 447 (2012).
122. F. D. Mai, C. S. Lu, C. W. Wu, C. H. Huang, J. Y. Chen and C. C.Chen, Sep. Purif. Technol., 62, 423 (2008).
123. N. C. Joshi and P. Gururani, Curr. Res. Green Sustain. Chem., 5,100306 (2022).
124. O. Deflaoui, A. Boudjemaa, B. Sabrina, B. Hayoun, M. Bourouina and S. Bourouina-Bacha, React. Kinet. Mech. Cat., 133, 1141 (2021).
125. M. Kocijan, L. Ćurković, D. Ljubas, K. Mužina, I. Bačić, T. Radošević,M. Podlogar, I. Bdikin, G. Otero-Irurueta, M. J. Hortigüela and G. Gonçalves, Appl. Sci., 11, 3966 (2021).
126. S. Bibi, A. Ahmad, M. A. R. Anjum, A. Haleem, M. Siddiq, S. S.Shah and A. A. Kahtani, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9, 105580 (2021).
127. N. Prabhakarrao, T. S. Rao, K. V. D. Lakshmi, G. Divya, G. Jaishree, I. M. Raju and S. Abdul Alim, Sustain. Environ. Res., 31, 1 (2021).
128. P. Parthipan, M. A. Al-Dosary, A. A. Al-Ghamdi and A. Subramania, J. King Saud Univ. Sci., 33, 101438 (2021).
129. S. Zarrin and F. Heshmatpour, J. Hazard. Mater., 351, 147 (2018).
130. M. Kocijan, L. Ćurković, D. Ljubas, K. Mužina, I. Bačić, T.Radošević, M. Podlogar, I. Bdikin, G. Otero-Irurueta, M. J. Hortigüela and G. onçalves, Appl. Sci., 11, 3966 (2021).
131. Y. Panahian and N. Arsalani, J. Phys. Chem. A., 121, 5614(2017).
132. H. Soni, N. Kumar, K. Patel and R. Kumar, Int. J. Recent Res. Rev.,7, 10 (2014).
133. M. Rahbar and Mohsen Behpour, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.,27, 8348 (2016).
134. M. Pérez-González, S.A. Tomás, J. Santoyo-Salazar and M. MoralesLuna, Ceram. Int., 43, 8831 (2017).
135. Y. Ren, Z. Xia, Y. Yu, X. Bai, Y. Liang, H. Wang, N. Wang, W. Jiang,S. Liu, C. Liu, W. Ding, Z. Zhang and C. Dong, Opt. Mater., 128,112440 (2022).
136. A. S. Alkorbi, H. Muhammad Asif Javed, S. Hussain, S. Latif, M. S.Mahr, M. S. Mustafa, R. Alsaiari and N. A. Alhemiary, Opt. Mater.,127, 112259 (2022).
137. Y. Li, X. Zhang, X. Hu, Z. Li, J. Fan and E. Liu, Opt. Mater., 127,112252 (2022).
138. J. Hou, L. Kong, Y. Xie, J. Ma, Y. Liu, M. Chen and Q. Wang,Ceram. Int., 42, 3941 (2022).
139. J. Ma, J. Dai, Y. Duan, J. Zhang, L. Qiang and J. Xue, Renew. Energy,156, 1008 (2020).
140. N. Qutub, P. Singh, S. Sabir, S. Sagadevan and W. C. Oh, Sci. Rep.,12, 5759 (2022).
141. J. Yu, Z. Pang, C. Zheng, T. Zhou, J. Zhang, H. Zhou and Q. Wei,Appl. Surf. Sci., 470, 84 (2019).
142. T. Zhou, L. Ma, M. Gan, H. Wang and C. Hao, J. Phys. Chem. Solids., 125, 123 (2019).
143. K. R. Reddy, K. V. Karthik, S. B. B. Prasad, S. K. Soni, H. M. Jeong and A. V. Raghu, Polyhedron, 120, 169 (2016).
144. H. Zhang, Z. Tao, Y. Tang, M. Yang and G. Wang, New J. Chem.,40, 8587 (2016).
145. N. Güy, K. Atacan, B. Boutra and M. Özacar, Water Sci. Technol.,82, 1912 (2020).
146. Y. Zheng, H. Qi, L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, L. Zhong, X. Zhang, Y. Feng
and J. Xue, Water Sci. Technol., 85, 2625 (2022).
147. E. T. Helmy and E. Gomaa, J. Water Environ. Nanotechnol., 3, 116 (2018).
148. J. Zhang, X. Liu, T. Ye, G. Zheng, X. Zheng, P. Liu and X. Guan, J.Alloys Compd., 698, 819 (2017).
149. Z. Siraj, I. M. Maafa, I. Shafiq, N. Shezad, P. Akhter, W. Yang and M. Hussain, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 28, 53340 (2021).
150. N. Raza, W. Raza, H. Gul, M. Azam, J. Lee, K. Vikrant and K.Kim, J. Cleaner Prod., 254, 120031 (2020).
151. Y.-J. Lee, H. S. Lee, C.-G. Lee, S.-J. Park, J. Lee, S. Jung and G.-A.Shin, Appl. Sci., 10, 6710 (2020).
152. M. Kowalska, M. Woźniak, M. Kijek, P. Mitrosz, J. Szakiel and P.Turek, Sci. Rep., 12, 1 (2022).
153. L. E. Nd. de Castro, E. C. Meurer, H. J. Alves, M. A. Santos, E.Vasques and L.M.S. Colpini, Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 63, 1 (2020).
154. C. Ram, R. K. Pareek and V. Singh, Int. J. Theor. Appl. Sci., 4, 82 (2012).
155. Z. Mohammed Redha, H. Abdulla Yusuf, R. Amin and M. Bououdina, Arab J. Basic Appl. Sci., 27, 287 (2020).
156. A. A. Noaman, Egypt. J. Chem., 64, 4351 (2021).
157. N. M. Almhana, S. Z. Al-Najjar, Z. A. Naser, Z. T. Al-Sharify and T. H. Nail, Egypt. J. Chem., 65, 481 (2022).
158. M. Kulkarni and P. Thakur, Int. J. Eng. Res. Gen. Sci., 2, 245 (2014).
159. P. Trivedi and S. Sharma, Int. J. Sci. Res., 8, 60 (2019).
160. W. Rezig and M. Hadjel, Orient. J. Chem., 30, 993 (2014).
161. A. Stoyanova, A. Bachvarova-Nedelcheva and Reni Iordanova, J.Chem. Technol. Metall., 53, 1173 (2018).
162. A. Giwa, P. O. Nkeonye, K. A. Bello, E. G. Kolawole and A. O.Campos, Int. J. Appl., 2, 90 (2012).
163. H. Fu, M. Gong, X. Ning, X. Yang, X. An, Q. Zou, S. Xiong and D. Han, Powder Technol., 376, 593 (2020).
164. H. Anwer, A. Mahmood, J. Lee, K. Kim, J. Park and A. C. K. Yip,Nano Res., 12, 955 (2019).
165. Md. A. I. Molla, I. Tateishi, M. Furukawa, H. Katsumata, T. Suzuki and S. Kaneco, Open J. Inorg. Non Metallic Mater., 7, 1 (2017).
166. L. Pan, J. Zou, X. Liu, X. Liu, S. Wang, X. Zhang and L. Wang,Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 12782 (2012).
167. A. J. Nozik and R. Memming, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 13061 (1996).
168. Y. Su, L. Peng, J. Guo, S. Huang, L. Lv and X. Wang, J. Phys. Chem.C., 118, 10728 (2014).
169. A. Fujishima, T. N. Rao and D. A. Tryk, J. Photochem. Photobiol.C., 1, 1 (2000).
170. W. J. Kim, D. Pradhan, B.-K. Min and Y. Sohn, Appl. Cat. B., 147,711 (2014).
2. R. M. Garcia, R. Carleer, M. A. Pérez, J. P. Torres, Y. Gu, P. Samyn and J. Yperman, Catalysts, 11, 1137 (2021).
3. S. Rajagopal, B. Paramasivam and K. Muniyasamy, Sep. Purif. Technol., 252, 117444 (2020).
4. R. Giovannetti, R. Giovannetti, C. A. D’Amato, M. Zannotti, E.Rommozzi, R. Gunnella, M. Minicucci and A. Di Cicco, Sci. Rep.,5, 17801 (2015).
5. B. R. Babu, A. K. Parande, S. Raghu and T. P. Kumar, J. Cotton Sci.,11, 141 (2007).
6. A. Mills and S. Le Hunte, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., 108, 1 (1997).
7. A. Fujishima, T. N. Rao and D. A. Tryk, J. Photochem., 1, 1 (2000).
8. C. Thambiliyagodage and S.Mirihana, J. Sol Gel Sci. Technol., 99,109 (2021).
9. I. T. Peternel, N. Koprivanac, A. M. L. Božić and H. M. Kušić, J.Hazard. Mater., 148, 477 (2007).
10. W. Przystaś, E. Zabłocka-Godlewska and E. Grabińska-Sota, Water Air Soil Pollut., 223, 1581 (2012).
11. M. M. Mahlambi, C. J. Ngila and B. B. Mamba, J. Nanomater., 2015,1 (2015).
12. W.-K. Jo, S. Kumar, M. A. Isaacs, A. F. Lee and S. Karthikeyan, Appl.Catal. B., 201, 159 (2017).
13. M. Rani, U. Shanker and V. Jassal, J. Environ. Manag., 190, 208 (2017).
14. R. Gusain, K. Gupta, P. Joshi and O. P. Khatri, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 272, 102009 (2019).
15. G. Crini and E. Lichtfouse, Environ. Chem. Lett., 17, 145 (2019).
16. C. G. Joseph, G. Li Puma, A. Bono and D. Krishnaiah, Ultrason.Sonochem., 16, 583 (2009).
17. D. Zhu and Q. Zhou, Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag., 12,100255 (2019).
18. T. Singh, N. Srivastava, P. K. Mishra, A. K. Bhatiya and N. L. Singh,Mater. Sci. Forum., 855, 20 (2016).
19. C. B. Anucha, I. Altin, E. Bacaksiz and V. N. Stathopoulos, Chem.Eng. J. Adv., 10, 100262 (2022).
20. J. Schneider, M. Matsuoka, M. Takeuchi, J. Zhang, Y. U. Horiuchi,M. Anpo and D. W. Bahnemann, Chem. Rev., 114, 9919 (2014).
21. M. Shahrezaei, A. A. Babaluo, S. Habibzadeh and M. Haghighi, Eur.J. Inorg. Chem., 3, 694 (2017).
22. M. R. Hoffmann, S. T. Martin, W. Choi and D. W. Bahnemann,Chem. Rev., 95, 69 (1995).
23. S. Kment, F. Riboni, S. Pausova, L. Wang, L. Wang, H. Han, Z.Hubicka, J. Krrysa, P. Schmuki and R. Zboril, Chem. Soc. Rev., 46,3716 (2017).
24. M. Bernareggi, M. Dozzi, L. Bettini, A. Ferretti, G. Chiarello and E. Selli, Catalysts, 7, 301 (2017).
25. T. Sakata, J. Photochem., 29, 205 (1985).
26. H. Kisch, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 52, 812 (2013).
27. A. Fujishima, T. N. Rao and D. A. Tryk, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C.,1, 1 (2000).
28. T. L. Thompson and J. T. Yates, Chem. Rev., 106, 4428 (2006).
29. M. Manzoor, A. Rafiq, M. Ikram, M. Nafees and S. Ali, Int. Nano Lett., 8, 1 (2018).
30. R. D. C. Soltani, M. Mashayekhi, M. Naderi, G. Boczkaj, S. Jorfi and M. Safari, Ultrason. Sonochem., 55, 117 (2019).
31. H. Lachheb, E. Puzenat, A. Houas, M. Ksibi, E. Elaloui, C. Guillard and J. M. Herrmann, Appl. Catal. B., 39, 75 (2002).
32. A. Fernandes, P. Makoś, Z. Wang and Boczkaj, Chem. Eng. J., 391,123488 (2020).
33. W. Buraso, V. Lachom, P. Siriya and P. Laokul, Mater. Res. Express.,5, 115003 (2018).
34. S. Çeşmeli and C. B. Biray Avci, J. Drug Target., 27, 762 (2019).
35. M. D. Newman, M. Stotland and J. I. Ellis, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.,61, 685 (2009).
36. L. M. Anaya-Esparza, Z. Villagrán-de la Mora, J. M. RuvalcabaGómez, R. Romero-Toledo, T. Sandoval-Contreras, S. Aguile Aguirre, E. Montalvo-González and A. Pérez-Larios, Processes, 8,1395 (2020).
37. N. Zhang, S. Qiao and V. K. Gupta, Opt. Mater., 120, 111452 (2021).
38. Y. Liu, Z. Xu, S. Zhu, A. Fakhri and V. K. Gupta, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., 422, 113522 (2022).
39. A. Bahadoran, M. Najafizadeh, Q. Liu, J. R. De Lile, D. Zhang, S.Masudy-Panah, S. Ramakrishna, A. Fakhri and V. K. Gupta, Surf.Interfaces, 26, 101279 (2021).
40. S. Xiao, A. Fakhri and B. J. Janani, Surf. Interfaces, 27, 101490 (2021).
41. A. Bahadoran, Q. Liu, B. Liu, J. Gu, D. Zhang, A. Fakhri and V.
Kumar Gupta, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 253,119592 (2021).
42. Y. Mao, J. Qiu, P. Zhang, Z. Fei, C. Bian, B. J. Janani and A. Fakhri,J. Photochem. Photobiol. A., 426, 113756 (2022).
43. W. Long, M. U. Hamza, M. N. Abdul-Fattah, A. M. Rheima, Y. M.Ahmed, F. S. Fahim, U. S. Altimari, A. K. O. Aldulaim, B. J. Janani and A. Fakhri, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 650,129468 (2022).
44. A. Bahadoran, N. B. Baghbadorani, J. R. De Lile, S. Masudy-Panah,B. Sadeghi, J. Li, S. Ramakrishna, Q. Liu, B. J. Janani and A. Fakhri, J.
Photochem. Photobiol. B., 228, 112393 (2022).
45. Y. Cai, F. Yang, L. Wu, Y. Shu, G. Qu, A. Fakhri and V. Kumar Gupta, Mater. Chem. Phys., 258, 123919 (2021).
46. I. Mahboob, I. Shafiq, S. Shafique, P. Akhter, M. Munir, M. Saeed,M. S. Nazir, Um-e-S. Amjad, F. Jamil, N. Ahmad, Y-K. Park and M. Hussain, Chemosphere, 311, 137180 (2023).
47. M. Shabir, M. Yasin, M. Hussain, I. Shafiq, P. Akhter, A. S. Nizami,B. H. Jeon and Y. K. Park, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 112, 1 (2022).
48. K. Azam, N. Shezad, I. Shafiq, P. Akhter, F. Akhtar, F. Jamil, S.Shafique, Y.-K. Park and M. Hussain, Chemosphere, 306, 135566 (2022).
49. N. Shehzad, M. Tahir, K. Johari, T. Murugesan and M. Hussain, J.CO2 Util., 26, 98 (2018).
50. M. Sharon, F. Modi and M. Sharon, AIMS Mater. Sci., 3, 1236 (2016).
51. S. Lee, I.-S. Cho, J. H. Lee, D. H. Kim, D. W. Kim, J. Y. Kim, H. Shin,J.-K. Lee, H. S. Jung, N.-G. Park, K. Kim, M. J. Ko and K. S. Hong,Chem. Mater., 22, 1958 (2010).
52. R. S. Dubey, K. V. Krishnamurthy and S. Singh, Results Phys., 102390 (2019).
53. M. M. Ahmad, S. Mushtaq, H. S. Al Qahtani, A. Sedky and M. W.Alam, Crystals, 11, 1456 (2021).
54. M. Hussain, R. Ceccarelli, D. L. Marchisio, D. Fino, N. Russo and F. Geobaldo, Chem. Eng. J., 157, 45 (2010).
55. M. Hussain, N. Russo and G. Saracco, Chem. Eng. J., 166, 138 (2011).
56. R. Rashid, I. Shafiq, M. J. Iqbal, M. Shabir, P. Akhter, M. H. Hamayun, A. Ahmed and M. Hussain, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9, 105480 (2021).
57. S. Kumar, S. Jain and B. Y. Lamba, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 1 (2021).
58. G. K. Upadhyay, J. K. Rajput, T. K. Pathak, V. Kumar and L. P. Purohit, Vacuum, 160, 154 (2019).
59. R. S. Sabry, Y. K. Al-Haidarie and M. A. Kudhier, J. Sol Gel Sci. Technol., 78, 299 (2016).
60. M. M. Ali, M. J. Haque, M. H. Kabir, M. A. Kaiyum and M. S. Rahman, Results Mater., 11, 100199 (2021).
61. S. Cho, J.-W. Jang, K.-H. Lee and J. S. Lee, APL Mater., 2, 010703 (2014).
62. A. T. Güntner, N. J. Pineau, D. Chie, F. Krumeich and S. E. Pratsinis, J. Mater. Chem. B., 4, 5358 (2016).
63. A. Eslami, M. M. Amini, A. R. Yazdanbakhsh, A. Mohseni‐Bandpei, A. A. Safari and A. Asadi, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 91, 2693 (2016).
64. E. T. Helmy, A. El Nemr, M. Mousa, E. Arafa and S. Eldafrawy, J.Water Environ. Nanotechnol., 3, 116 (2018).
65. D. V. Aware and S. S. Jadhav, Appl. Nanosci., 6, 965 (2016).
66. K. Meesombad, N. Sato, S. Pitiphattharabun, G. Panomsuwan, R.Techapiesancharoenkij, K. Surawathanawises, C. Wongchoosuk, S.
Boonsalee, J. H. Pee and O. Jongprateep, Ceram. Int., 47, 21099 (2021).
67. P. Szołdra, M. Frąc and W. Pichór, Powder Technol., 387, 261 (2021).
68. P. Anandgaonker, G. Kulkarni, S. Gaikwad and A. Rajbhoj, Arab. J.Chem., 12, 1815 (2019).
69. I. Bezares, A. del Campo, P. Herrasti and A. Muñoz-Bonilla, Phys.Chem. Chem. Phys., 17, 29319 (2015).
70. W. Buraso, V. Lachom, P. Siriya and P. Laokul, Mater. Res. Express.,5, 115003 (2018).
71. S. Pang, J. G. Huang, Y. Su, B. Geng, S. Y. Lei, Y. T. Huang, C. Lyu and X. J. Liu, Photochem. Photobiol., 92, 651 (2016).
72. J. Deng, M. Wang, Junfei Fang, X. Song, Z. Yang and Z. Yuan, J.Alloys Compd., 791, 371 (2019).
73. V. M. Ramakrishnan, M. Natarajan, A. Santhanam, V. Asokan and D. Velauthapillai, Mater. Res. Bull., 97, 351 (2018).
74. J. Li, Q. Wu and J. Wu, Handbook of nanoparticles, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland (2016).
75. V. Patidar and P. Jain, Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., 4, 1 (2017).
76. H. Kaur, S. Kaur, J. Singh, M. Rawat and S. Kumar, Mater. Res.Express., 6, 095034 (2019).
77. G. Nabi, W. Raza and M. B. Tahir, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym.Mater., 30, 1425 (2020).
78. D. Zhang, L. Qi, J. Ma and H. Cheng, J. Mater. Chem., 12, 3677 (2002).
79. M. S. Lee, S. S. Park, G. Lee, C. Ju and S. Hong, Cat. Today, 101, 283 (2005).
80. A. Fasolini, E. Lombardi, T. Tabanelli and F. Basile, Nanomaterials (Basel), 11, 1175 (2021).
81. L. Xia, Bioceramics, 5 (2021).
82. V. D. Matteis, A. Cannavale and U. Ayr, Appl. Sci., 10, 8896 (2020).
83. S. K. Pradhan, P. J. Reucroft, F. Yang and A. Dozier, J. Cryst. Growth,256, 83 (2003).
84. D. P. Macwan, C. Balasubramanian, P. N. Dave and S. Chaturvedi,J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 18, 234 (2014).
85. Q. Zhang and C. Li, Nanomaterials, 10, 911 (2020).
86. X. Chen and S. S. Mao, Chem. Rev., 107, 2891 (2007).
87. X. Feng, J. Zhai and L. Jiang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 44, 5115 (2005).
88. S. Y. Chae, M. K. Park, S. K. Lee, T. Y. Kim, S. K. Kim and W. I. Lee,Chem. Mater., 15, 3326 (2003).
89. Z. Yang, D. Choi, S. Kerisit, K. M. Rosso, D. Wang, J. Zhang, G.
Graff and W. J. Liu, J. Power Sources, 192, 588 (2009).
90. G. Dawson, W. Chen, T. Zhang, Z. Chen and X. Cheng, Solid State Sci., 12, 2170 (2010).
91. J. Yan, S. Feng, H. Lu, J. Wang, J. Zheng, J. Zhao, L. Li and Z.Zhu, Mater. Sci. Eng. B., 172, 114 (2010).
92. S. Mozia, Cat. Today, 156, 198 (2010).
93. S. Y. Chae, M. K. Park, S. K. Lee, T. Y. Kim, S. K. Kim and W. I.Lee, Chem. Mater., 15, 3326 (2003).
94. G.S. Falk, M. Borlaf, M.J. López-Muñoz, J.C. Fariñas, J.B. Rodriges Neto and R. Moreno, J. Nanopart. Res., 20, 1 (2018).
95. I. F. Mironyuk, L. M. Soltys, T. R. Tatarchuk and Kh. O. Savka, Phys.Chem. Solid State., 21, 462 (2020).
96. A. Athawale, A. Bokare, H. Singh, V.-H. Nguyen, D.-V. N. Vo, D.Kumar and A. Sharma., Top. Cat., 63, 1056 (2020).
97. A. J. Moreira, O. C. Lilian, P. M. Caroline, J. A. Maldi, A. D. Jeferson, C. P. Elaine, R. G. Tania and P. G. F. Gian, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 27, 27032 (2020).
98. M. Y. Nassar, E. I. Ali and E. S. Zakaria, RSC. Adv., 7, 8034 (2017).
99. S. B. Somvanshi, M. V. Khedkar, P. B. Kharat and K. M. Jadhav,Ceram. Int., 46, 8640 (2020).
100. V.A. Bharati, S.B. Somvanshi, A.V. Humbe, V.D. Murumkar, V.V. Sondur and K. M. Jadhav, J. Alloys Compd., 821, 153501 (2020).
101. D. N. Bhoyar, S. B. Somvanshi, P. B. Kharat, A. A. Pandit and K. M.Jadhav, Phys. B., 581, 411944 (2020).
102. S. B. Somwanshi, S. B. Somvanshi and P. B. KKharat, J. Phys. Conf.S., 1, 1644 (2020).
103. P. Praveen, G. Viruthagiri, S. Mugundan and N. Shanmugam, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 117, 622 (2014).
104. J. Wei, L. Zhao, Suili Peng, J. Shi, Z. Liu and W. Wen, J. Sol Gel Sci.Technol., 47, 311 (2008).
105. A. Kathiravan and R. Renganathan, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 335,196 (2009).
106. K. Olurode, G. M. Neelgund, A. Oki and Z. Luo, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 89, 333 (2012).
107. X. Lu, Xiuqian Lv, Z. Sun and Y. Zheng, Eur. Polym. J., 44, 2476 (2008).
108. A. Ranga Rao and V. Dutta, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells., 91, 1075 (2007).
109. A. Keiteb, E. Saion, A. Zakaria, N. Soltani and N. Abdullahi, Appl.Sci., 6, 295 (2016).
110. S. A. Gene, E. Saion, A. H. Shaari, M. A. Kamarudin, N. M. AlHada and A. Kharazmi, J. Nanomater., 2014, 1 (2014).
111. S. Kumar, S. Jain, B. Y. Yadav Lamba and P. Kumar, Sol. Energy,159, 423 (2018).
112.Mechanism of Photocatalyst, Nippon Jitsugyo Publishing Co, Ltd (2000).
113. F. Z. Haque, R. Nandanwar and P. Singh, Optik., 128, 191 (2017).
114. M. K. Tariq, A. Riaz, R. Khan, A. Wajid, H.-U. Haq, S. Javed, M. A.Akram and M. Islam, Mater. Res. Express., 6, 106435 (2019).
115. R. F. Peters, P. A. Mantey Dos Santos, Tiele C. Machado, D. Antonio Rodriguez Lopez, Ê. L. Machado, A. de Assis and L. Rodriguez, Eclética Quim., 43, 26 (2018).
116. N. H. Harun, M. N. A. Rahman, W. F. W. Kamarudin, Z. Irwan,A. Muhammud, N. E. F. M. Akhir, M. R. Yaafar and J. Fundam.Appl. Sci., 10, 832 (2018).
117. N. Padmavathy, B. N. Murthy and K. H. Hemakumar, J. Phys.Conf. S., 1, 012044 (2021).
118. A. Ajmal, I. Majeed, R. N. Malik, M. Iqbal, M. Arif Nadeem, I.Hussain, S. Yousaf, Zeshan, G. Mustafa, M. I. Zafar and M. Amtiaz Nadeem, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 4, 2138 (2016).
119. A. A. Isari, A. Payan, M. Fattahi, S. Jorfi and B. Kakavandi, Appl.Surf. Sci., 462, 549 (2018).
120. V. R. Posa, V. Annavaram, J. R. Koduru, P. Bobbala, M. V. and A. R.Somala, J. Exp. Nanosci., 11, 722 (2016).
121. R. Velmurugan, B. Krishnakumar, R. Kumar and M. Swaminathan, Arab. J. Chem., 5, 447 (2012).
122. F. D. Mai, C. S. Lu, C. W. Wu, C. H. Huang, J. Y. Chen and C. C.Chen, Sep. Purif. Technol., 62, 423 (2008).
123. N. C. Joshi and P. Gururani, Curr. Res. Green Sustain. Chem., 5,100306 (2022).
124. O. Deflaoui, A. Boudjemaa, B. Sabrina, B. Hayoun, M. Bourouina and S. Bourouina-Bacha, React. Kinet. Mech. Cat., 133, 1141 (2021).
125. M. Kocijan, L. Ćurković, D. Ljubas, K. Mužina, I. Bačić, T. Radošević,M. Podlogar, I. Bdikin, G. Otero-Irurueta, M. J. Hortigüela and G. Gonçalves, Appl. Sci., 11, 3966 (2021).
126. S. Bibi, A. Ahmad, M. A. R. Anjum, A. Haleem, M. Siddiq, S. S.Shah and A. A. Kahtani, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9, 105580 (2021).
127. N. Prabhakarrao, T. S. Rao, K. V. D. Lakshmi, G. Divya, G. Jaishree, I. M. Raju and S. Abdul Alim, Sustain. Environ. Res., 31, 1 (2021).
128. P. Parthipan, M. A. Al-Dosary, A. A. Al-Ghamdi and A. Subramania, J. King Saud Univ. Sci., 33, 101438 (2021).
129. S. Zarrin and F. Heshmatpour, J. Hazard. Mater., 351, 147 (2018).
130. M. Kocijan, L. Ćurković, D. Ljubas, K. Mužina, I. Bačić, T.Radošević, M. Podlogar, I. Bdikin, G. Otero-Irurueta, M. J. Hortigüela and G. onçalves, Appl. Sci., 11, 3966 (2021).
131. Y. Panahian and N. Arsalani, J. Phys. Chem. A., 121, 5614(2017).
132. H. Soni, N. Kumar, K. Patel and R. Kumar, Int. J. Recent Res. Rev.,7, 10 (2014).
133. M. Rahbar and Mohsen Behpour, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron.,27, 8348 (2016).
134. M. Pérez-González, S.A. Tomás, J. Santoyo-Salazar and M. MoralesLuna, Ceram. Int., 43, 8831 (2017).
135. Y. Ren, Z. Xia, Y. Yu, X. Bai, Y. Liang, H. Wang, N. Wang, W. Jiang,S. Liu, C. Liu, W. Ding, Z. Zhang and C. Dong, Opt. Mater., 128,112440 (2022).
136. A. S. Alkorbi, H. Muhammad Asif Javed, S. Hussain, S. Latif, M. S.Mahr, M. S. Mustafa, R. Alsaiari and N. A. Alhemiary, Opt. Mater.,127, 112259 (2022).
137. Y. Li, X. Zhang, X. Hu, Z. Li, J. Fan and E. Liu, Opt. Mater., 127,112252 (2022).
138. J. Hou, L. Kong, Y. Xie, J. Ma, Y. Liu, M. Chen and Q. Wang,Ceram. Int., 42, 3941 (2022).
139. J. Ma, J. Dai, Y. Duan, J. Zhang, L. Qiang and J. Xue, Renew. Energy,156, 1008 (2020).
140. N. Qutub, P. Singh, S. Sabir, S. Sagadevan and W. C. Oh, Sci. Rep.,12, 5759 (2022).
141. J. Yu, Z. Pang, C. Zheng, T. Zhou, J. Zhang, H. Zhou and Q. Wei,Appl. Surf. Sci., 470, 84 (2019).
142. T. Zhou, L. Ma, M. Gan, H. Wang and C. Hao, J. Phys. Chem. Solids., 125, 123 (2019).
143. K. R. Reddy, K. V. Karthik, S. B. B. Prasad, S. K. Soni, H. M. Jeong and A. V. Raghu, Polyhedron, 120, 169 (2016).
144. H. Zhang, Z. Tao, Y. Tang, M. Yang and G. Wang, New J. Chem.,40, 8587 (2016).
145. N. Güy, K. Atacan, B. Boutra and M. Özacar, Water Sci. Technol.,82, 1912 (2020).
146. Y. Zheng, H. Qi, L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, L. Zhong, X. Zhang, Y. Feng
and J. Xue, Water Sci. Technol., 85, 2625 (2022).
147. E. T. Helmy and E. Gomaa, J. Water Environ. Nanotechnol., 3, 116 (2018).
148. J. Zhang, X. Liu, T. Ye, G. Zheng, X. Zheng, P. Liu and X. Guan, J.Alloys Compd., 698, 819 (2017).
149. Z. Siraj, I. M. Maafa, I. Shafiq, N. Shezad, P. Akhter, W. Yang and M. Hussain, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 28, 53340 (2021).
150. N. Raza, W. Raza, H. Gul, M. Azam, J. Lee, K. Vikrant and K.Kim, J. Cleaner Prod., 254, 120031 (2020).
151. Y.-J. Lee, H. S. Lee, C.-G. Lee, S.-J. Park, J. Lee, S. Jung and G.-A.Shin, Appl. Sci., 10, 6710 (2020).
152. M. Kowalska, M. Woźniak, M. Kijek, P. Mitrosz, J. Szakiel and P.Turek, Sci. Rep., 12, 1 (2022).
153. L. E. Nd. de Castro, E. C. Meurer, H. J. Alves, M. A. Santos, E.Vasques and L.M.S. Colpini, Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 63, 1 (2020).
154. C. Ram, R. K. Pareek and V. Singh, Int. J. Theor. Appl. Sci., 4, 82 (2012).
155. Z. Mohammed Redha, H. Abdulla Yusuf, R. Amin and M. Bououdina, Arab J. Basic Appl. Sci., 27, 287 (2020).
156. A. A. Noaman, Egypt. J. Chem., 64, 4351 (2021).
157. N. M. Almhana, S. Z. Al-Najjar, Z. A. Naser, Z. T. Al-Sharify and T. H. Nail, Egypt. J. Chem., 65, 481 (2022).
158. M. Kulkarni and P. Thakur, Int. J. Eng. Res. Gen. Sci., 2, 245 (2014).
159. P. Trivedi and S. Sharma, Int. J. Sci. Res., 8, 60 (2019).
160. W. Rezig and M. Hadjel, Orient. J. Chem., 30, 993 (2014).
161. A. Stoyanova, A. Bachvarova-Nedelcheva and Reni Iordanova, J.Chem. Technol. Metall., 53, 1173 (2018).
162. A. Giwa, P. O. Nkeonye, K. A. Bello, E. G. Kolawole and A. O.Campos, Int. J. Appl., 2, 90 (2012).
163. H. Fu, M. Gong, X. Ning, X. Yang, X. An, Q. Zou, S. Xiong and D. Han, Powder Technol., 376, 593 (2020).
164. H. Anwer, A. Mahmood, J. Lee, K. Kim, J. Park and A. C. K. Yip,Nano Res., 12, 955 (2019).
165. Md. A. I. Molla, I. Tateishi, M. Furukawa, H. Katsumata, T. Suzuki and S. Kaneco, Open J. Inorg. Non Metallic Mater., 7, 1 (2017).
166. L. Pan, J. Zou, X. Liu, X. Liu, S. Wang, X. Zhang and L. Wang,Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 12782 (2012).
167. A. J. Nozik and R. Memming, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 13061 (1996).
168. Y. Su, L. Peng, J. Guo, S. Huang, L. Lv and X. Wang, J. Phys. Chem.C., 118, 10728 (2014).
169. A. Fujishima, T. N. Rao and D. A. Tryk, J. Photochem. Photobiol.C., 1, 1 (2000).
170. W. J. Kim, D. Pradhan, B.-K. Min and Y. Sohn, Appl. Cat. B., 147,711 (2014).
